Effect of hydric stress on the germination of seeds from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. UDG-110
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate morphological and biochemical indicators in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. UDG-110, during the germination process under conditions of hydric stress induced by polyethylene glycol-6000. The seeds were sown on Petri dishes with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000 (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 %) and were placed in a growth chamber during eight days. The following indicators were evaluated: germination percentage, germination value, length of the root and the aerial part, á-amylase activity and contents of proteins, reducing sugars and soluble phenols. A completely randomized design was used with four replicas per treatment. The polyethylene glycol-6000 affected the germination percentage and the morphophysiological traits, such as length of the roots and aerial parts. The á-amylase activity increased in the variants with presence of the osmotic agent, with values higher than 9 %. In the low and intermediate concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000 the highest contents of reducing sugars and soluble proteins in the root and the aerial part were observed, respectively. The concentration of soluble phenols in the aerial part reached high values between 15 and 18 %, which can be related with an antioxidant defense mechanism to face the consequences of the oxidative stress generated under diverse conditions of abiotic stresses. The polyethylene glycol-6000 affected the germination process of S. bicolor cv. UDG-110, although there was germination with 21 %, showing the presence of drought tolerance mechanisms, such as the production of osmotically active compounds and the synthesis of antioxidant substances.
References
2. Apel, K. & Hirt, H. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55:373399, 2004.
3. Baâtour, O.; Mahmoudi, H.; Tarchoun, I.; Nasri, N.; Trabelsi, N.; Kaddour, R. et al. Salt effect on phenolics and antioxidant activities of Tunisian and Canadian sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) shoots. J. Sci. Food Agric. 93 (1):134-141, 2013. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5740.
4. Blokhina, O.; Virolainen, E. & Fagerstedt, K. V. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Ann. Bot. 91 (2):179194, 2003.
5. Castroluna, A.; Ruiz, O. M.; Quiroga, A. M. & Pedranzani, H. E. Efectos de la salinidad y sequía sobre la germinación, biomasa y crecimiento en tres variedades de Medicago sativa L. AIA. 18 (1):39-50, 2014.
6. Channaoui, S.; El Kahkahi, R.; Charafi, J.; Mazouz, H.; El Fechtali, M. & Nabloussi, A. Germination and seedling growth of a set of rapeseed (Brassica napus) varieties under drought stress conditions. IJEAB. 2 (1):487-494, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.1.61.
7. Chen, Z.; Zhu, D.; Wu, J.; Cheng, Z.; Yan, X.; Deng, X. et al. Identification of differentially accumulated proteins involved in regulating independent and combined osmosis and cadmium stress response in Brachypodium seedling roots. Scientific Reports. 8 (1):77-90, 2018. DOI/ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25959-8.
8. Chernane, Halima; Latique, Salma; Monsori, M. & El Kaoua, M. Salt stress tolerance and antioxidative mechanisms in wheat plant (Triticum durum L.) by seaweed extracts application. IOSR-JAVS. 8 (1):36-44, 2015. DOI: http://doi.org/10.9790/2380-08313644.
9. Djavanshir, K. & Pourbe, H. Germination value-a new formula. Silvae Genet. 25 (2):79-83, 1976.
10. Fathi, A. & Tari, D. B. Effect of drought stress and its mechanism in plants. Int. J. Life Sci (Kathmandu). 10 (1):1-6, 2016. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v10i1.14509.
11. Friend, J. Lignin and associated phenolic acids in cell walls. In: S. I. Gurr, M. I. McPherson and D. J. Bowles, eds. Molecular plant pathology and practical approach. London: IRC Press at Oxford University Press. p. 51-59, 1992.
12. Gholami, M.; Rahemi, M. & Kholdebarin, B. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on seed germination of four wild almond species. AJBAS. 4 (5):785-791, 2010.
13. ISTA. International rules for seed testing, seed vigor testing. Cap. 15. Switzerland: International Seed Testing Association, 2010.
14. Jain, C. & Saxena, R. Varietal differences against PEG induced drought stress in cowpea. Oct. Jour. Env. Res. 41 (1):058-062, 2016.
15. Jamil, M.; Lee, D. B.; Jung, K. Y.; Ashraf, M.; Lee, S. C. & Rha, E. S. Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetables species. JCEA. 7 (2):273-282, 2006.
16. Khan, A. H. R.; Uddin, M. J. & Bayazid, K. N. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Treated hydroponic culture reduce length and diameter of root hairs of wheat varieties. Agronomy. 5 (3):506-518, 2015. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy5040506.
15. Khaton, M. A.; Sagar, A.; Tajkia, J. E.; Islam, M. S.; Mahmud, M. S. & Hossain, A. K. M. Z. Effect of moisture stress on morphological and yield attributes of four sorghum varieties. Progressive Agriculture. 27 (3):265-271, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i3.30806.
16. Khayatnezhad, M. & Gholamin, R. Effects of water and salt stresses on germination and seedling growth in two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes. Sci. Res. Essays. 6 (21):4597-4603,2011. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.913.
17. Kulkarni, S.; Hongal, S. & Shoba, N. Standardization of optimal concentration of PEG 6000 for induction of drought and screening of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) genotypes. TAJH. 9 (1):100-105, 2014.
18. Li, W.; Zhang, X.; Ashraf, U.; Mo, Z.; Suo, H. & Li, G. Dynamics of seed germination, seedling growth and physiological responses of sweet corn under PEG-induced water stress. Pak. J. Bot. 49 (2):639-646, 2017.
19. Lowry, O. H.; Rosebrough, N. J.; Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. Protein measurement the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193 (1):265-275, 1951.
20. Lum, M. S.; Hanafi, M. M.; Rafii, Y. M. & Akmar, S. N. Effect of drought stress on growth, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of upland rice. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 24 (5):1487-1493, 2014.
21. Miller, G. L. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem. 31 (3):426-428, 1959. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030.
22. Mujtaba, S. M.; Summiya, F.; Khan, M. A.; Mumtaz, S. & Khanzada, B. Physiological studies on six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought stress tolerance at seedling stage. Agri. Res. Tech. 1 (2):1-6, 2016.
23. Muscolo, Adele; Sidari, Maria; Anastasi, U.; Santonoceto, C. & Maggio, A. Effect of PEG-induced drought stress on seed germination of four lentil genotypes. J. Plant Interact. 9 (1):354-363, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2013.835880.
24. Neto, C. F. O.; Lobato, A. K. S.; Vidigal, Maria C. G.; Costa, R. C. L. da; Santos-Filho, B. G.; Alves, G. A. R. et al. Carbon compounds and chlorophyll contents in sorghum submitted to water deficit during three growth stages. J. Food Agric. Environ. 7 (3-4):588593, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2009.2676.
25. Othman, Y.; Al-Karaki, G.; Al-Tawaha, A. R. & Al-Horani, A. Variation in germination and ion uptake in barley genotypes under salinity conditions. World J. Agric. Sci. 2 (1):11-15, 2006.
26. Pirdashti, H.; Sarvestani, Z. T.; Nematzedah, G. H. & Ismail, A. Effect of water stress on seed germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. J. Agron. 2 (4):217-222, 2003. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2003.217.222.
27. Rezende, R. K. S.; Masetto, Tathiana E.; Oba, G. C. & Jesus, M. V. Germination of sweet Sorghum seeds in different water potentials. AJPB. 8 (12):3062-3072, 2017.
28. Sani, D. O. & Boureima, M. M. Effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 on germination and seedling growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. and LD50 for in vitro screening for drought tolerance. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 13 (37):3742-3747, 2014. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2013.13514.
29. Shayanfar, A.; Afshari, R. T. & Alizdeh, H. Proteome analysis of wheat embryo (Triticum aestivum) Sensu stricto germination under osmotic stress. Plant Omics. 8 (5):372-380, 2015.
30. Sigarroa, A. Biometría y diseño experimental. La Habana: Editorial Pueblo y Educación, 1985.
31. Sim, S. L.; He, T.; Tscheliessnig, A.; Mueller, M.; Tan, R. B. & Jungbauer, A. Protein precipitation by polyethylene glycol: a generalized model based on hydrodynamic radius. J. Biotechnol. 157 (2):315-319, 2012.
32. Swapna, B. & Rajendrudu, G. Seed germination of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre under water stress. Res. J. Recent Sci. 4 (6):62-66, 2015.
33. Thalmann, M. & Santelia, Diana. Starch as a determinant of plant fitness under abiotic stress. New Phytol. 214 (3):943951, 2017. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14491.
34. Tsago, Y.; Andargie, M. & Takele, A. In vitro screening for drought tolerance in different Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 9 (3):72-83, 2013.
Al enviar un artículo para su publicación en la revista Pastos y Forrajes, el autor garantiza que es propietario de los derechos de explotación de la obra y, en consecuencia, garantiza que puede transferirlos sin ningún tipo de limitación.
En todo caso, responderá por cualquier reclamo que en materia de derechos de autor se pueda presentar, exonerando de cualquier responsabilidad a la revista.
El autor está de acuerdo en ceder a la revista Pastos y Forrajes, de manera no exclusiva, los derechos de explotación sobre la obra antes mencionada (reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y transformación) por el tiempo que establezca la ley nacional e internacional y sin perjuicio del respeto a los derechos de autoría moral. En virtud de lo anterior, se entiende que la revista adquiere el derecho de reproducción en todas sus modalidades, incluso para inclusión audiovisual; el derecho de comunicación pública, distribución y, en general, cualquier tipo de explotación que de las obras pueda realizarse por cualquier medio conocido o por conocer.
El autor podrá difundir copias de la versión publicada del artículo en el repositorio digital de su institución o en otros repositorios digitales de acceso abierto, bajo la condición de hacer referencia a la fuente original donde fue publicado el artículo, incluyendo un enlace al artículo publicado en la revista.
El autor está de acuerdo con que los usuarios finales de la obra puedan copiar, distribuir, comunicarla públicamente y hacer obras derivadas; bajo las condiciones siguientes: reconocimiento y cita del autor original, no utilizarla con fines comerciales y compartirla bajo la misma licencia.
